What is an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)?
An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is a legal document that shows how energy efficient a property is. It gives the building an energy rating from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient), and provides practical recommendations to improve efficiency. The certificate also includes estimated energy costs, helping buyers, tenants and landlords understand likely running expenses.
Who needs an EPC?
EPCs are required when a property is sold, rented out or newly built. Homeowners must provide an EPC before marketing their property, landlords need one before letting to new tenants, and developers must supply one for new builds. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland an EPC is a legal requirement and failure to have a valid certificate can lead to fines.
Why EPCs matter
Beyond legal compliance, an EPC helps landlords attract tenants, enables homeowners to identify cost-saving upgrades, and gives buyers transparency about expected energy bills. With rising energy prices, a strong EPC rating can make a property far more marketable and may unlock green mortgage options or government grants.
Validity
An EPC is valid for 10 years. If you make energy-efficiency improvements, such as new insulation, a modern boiler or double glazing, you may choose to update the EPC to reflect a higher rating.